Research Methods Research Articles

Drug-drug interaction potential among patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) treated with novel androgen receptor inhibitors

ABSTRACT Background Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) patients are often older and use concurrent medications that increase potential for drug-drug interactions (pDDIs). This study assessed pDDI prevalence in real-world nmCRPC patients treated with apalutamide, darolutamide, or enzalutamide. Research design and methods Castrated prostate cancer patients without metastases prior to androgen receptor inhibitor initiation were identified retrospectively via Optum Clinformatics Data Mart claims data (8/2019-3/2021). The top 100 concomitant medications were assessed for pDDIs. Results Among 1,515 patients (mean age: 77 ± 8 years; mean Charlson comorbidity index 3 ± 3), 340 initiated apalutamide, 112 darolutamide, and 1,063 enzalutamide. Common concomitant medication classes were cardiovascular (80%) and central nervous system (52%). Two-thirds of patients received ≥ 5 concomitant medications; 30 (30/100 medications) pDDIs were identified for apalutamide and enzalutamide each and 2 (2/100 medications) for darolutamide. Most pDDIs had risk ratings of C or D, but 4 for apalutamide were rated X. 58% of patients on apalutamide, 5% on darolutamide, and 54% on enzalutamide had ≥ 1 identified pDDI. Conclusions Results showed a higher frequency of pDDIs in patients receiving apalutamide and enzalutamide vs darolutamide. The impact of these could not be determined retrospectively. DDI risk should be carefully evaluated when discussing optimal therapy for patients with nmCRPC.

Benkangen game: Digital media in elementary school Indonesian language

The background of this research is the need for teacher innovation in developing digital-based learning media in Indonesian language learning. The research method used is research and development (RD) with the analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model, which consists of five research stages: analysis, planning, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques are questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation that present the results regarding innovation, features, applications, and the impact of using the benkangen game in learning Indonesian in elementary school. The subjects of this study were 25 teachers from 25 elementary schools, and 66 students from 10 elementary schools in Magelang district and Magelang city. The results showed innovation in the development of game applications based on Magelang local wisdom with game features in the form of puzzles of Magelang culture and local wisdom, Indonesian language learning materials packaged in the form of questions accompanied by the number of points in each answer, and audio that reflects local wisdom in Central Java. The novelty of this research is the development of the benkangen game based on Magelang local wisdom, which still needs to be developed by teachers in Indonesia. Future research needs to explore the innovation of Indonesian language learning games through the latest software.

Transformation of Bima local wisdom values through social studies e-book media

The development of postmodern-era technology in the world of education is increasingly sophisticated, thus impacting the character of students and their social environment. Technological progress negatively affects the lives of today's generation. When misuse of technology is widespread, it is imperative to strengthen cultural and religious filtration. So that the influence of globalization on technological development can be minimized. So as not to damage the cultural values and morality of students as the next generation of the nation. This study aims to explain the importance of transforming the values of Bima's local wisdom "Nggusu Waru" through the media of social studies e-books. The results and conclusions of this study are efforts to develop students' social character that require teacher collaboration, supervision, and optimal parental attention so that their interest in learning is higher and minimizes deviant behavior. This research method uses research and development design. At the stage of preliminary studies with models developed by Borg and Gall. Through several stages of research, information gathering, development of initial forms of products, and initial field testing. In this step, data is collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The data is analyzed to find out some of its weaknesses and shortcomings.

The Indonesian version of volunteer functions inventory: Its validity and reliability

The volunteer function inventory (VFI) is an assessment tool to measure individual volunteer motivation. VFI measures individual motivation to volunteer by examining the functional motives of each volunteer. This research aimed to adapt the VFI to the Indonesian language. VFI consists of 30 items divided into five dimensions. This study utilized a non-experimental quantitative research method. Samples were acquired by accidental random sampling with N = 176. In this study, reliability testing was carried out with items and dimensions of Cronbach's α. Validity tests were examined using construct validity and item analysis. The results of the Indonesian version of VFI showed high reliability and validity. Besides, the item analysis also shows that the quality of each item is excellent. The Indonesian version of VFI will be suitable for various education fields in Indonesia to measure the students' voluntary willingness in community development activities, for example, in measuring the impact of volunteerism in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) social activities and other activities within the communities.

Mathematics belief impact on metacognition in solving geometry: Middle school students

Mathematical beliefs and metacognitive knowledge play significant roles in solving mathematical problems; thus, this study aims to investigate the influence of middle school students' beliefs on their metacognitive knowledge when solving geometry problems. This study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative research methods. A linear regression test was used to determine the effect of middle school students' beliefs on their metacognitive knowledge. The results of the quantitative research analysis were followed up with a qualitative research approach to describe the metacognitive knowledge of students who have high and low confidence in solving geometric problems. This research involved 352 middle school students in the Tarakan area. Based on the results of linear regression, it is known that the beliefs of middle school students have a positive effect on their metacognitive knowledge when solving geometric problems. In addition, it was found that students with different beliefs could solve a given geometry problem, but the approach to solving it varied among subjects. Middle school students have diverse beliefs, but these variations do not affect their capacity to apply their metacognitive knowledge at every stage of solving mathematical problems.

Active learning with research based on three principles of higher education

This study aims to determine how using an active learning model based on the three higher education principles can improve students' active learning. Qualitative research methods were applied in this study, with data collection through interviews, literature study, and observation. The results showed that active learning based on the three higher education principles was included in the "good" or "acceptable" category. The application of this model can make this campus a place with a positive academic atmosphere that enhances and supports collaboration, discussion, and positive and critical thinking. The novelty of this research lies in the use of active learning with mini-research projects, which are developed based on university principles and embody it. The hope is that this can help solve problems in the student learning process at the State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The expected implication is that the university's policy supports applying the model to resolve learning problems and build real scientists for students.

Synthesis and computational study of metal complex of α-mangostin as an anticancer candidate

Context: The number of breast cancer patients from year to year is increasing, accompanied by an increase in global mortality; the position in Indonesia has reached 60-70% with end-stage conditions. ERα antiproliferative activity exists in α-mangostin compounds, but this compound still has several physicochemical problems, including its solubility. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase the activity of α-mangostin and its affinity as an alpha estrogen receptor antagonist through a structure-based design method. Aims: To obtain new compounds derived from α-mangostin in the form of a metal complex with cobalt (AM-Co), platinum (AM-Pt), and iron (AM-Fe) as medicinal ingredients that can be used as breast cancer therapeutic agents. Methods: The research methods include in silico studies (pharmacokinetic and toxicity prediction, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics), semi-synthesis to form a complex compound, and testing cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and T-47D human breast cancer cells. Results: From the in vitro test results, it can be seen that the AM-Pt compound showed the best anticancer activity on MCF-7 cells compared to others from IC50 and SI values; this was supported by the results of in silico studies either through molecular docking or molecular dynamics, where this compound was more effective. Conclusions: Furthermore, it can be used as an anticancer candidate; particularly, its activity is predicted to be more potent as an ER antagonist than -mangostin and cisplatin.

Science learning STEM-R approach: A study of students' reflective and critical thinking

This study aimed to i) analyse learning problems in science at boarding schools for junior high school students and ii) determine the effectiveness of science learning in the context of Islamic teachings using the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, -religion (STEM-R) approach to improve reflective and critical thinking skills. The research method applied in this study was a sequential exploratory mixed method. The research design consisted of five stages: i) qualitative data gathering, ii) qualitative data analysis, iii) quantitative data gathering, iv) quantitative data analysis, and v) data interpretation. The subjects of this study were 192 students from boarding schools and were divided into 6 groups. The research results obtained were the school, parents, science teachers and religion teachers’ vision and mission causing students to like or dislike science. An excellent teacher is viewed by students as someone who can make learning enjoyable, exhibit creativity in presenting educational material, possess the ability to motivate, link science and religion, engage in investigative activities, infuse humour, establish connections between science and everyday life, and communicate concepts effectively. Moreover, distinctions in reflective thinking and critical thinking abilities were observed between the experimental group and the control group. Learning that connects science and Islamic religion and examines STEM-R aspects is able to develop students' thinking skills.

Gender Gap and Gender Data Gap in Futures Research: Focusing on the Studies Employing the Delphi Technique

The gender gap in futures research, rooted in male dominance, results in limited visibility of female futurists and neglect of women's issues. This study focuses on the gender data gap as an indicator of the existing gender gap in futures research and analyze the literature employing the Delphi technique—a widely employed research method in this field. When societal gender gaps influence data collection and utilization, a gender data gap arises, leading to underrepresentation of women's perspectives and experiences. The Delphi method, operates on the principle of expertise, may inadvertently exclude women experts whose expertise tends to be underrecognized. Our analysis, based on Temin and Roca (2016)’s definition of gender data, shows the gender data gap in the futures research literature. The gender gap in futures research, demonstrated by gender data gap, not only colonizes women's futures, but also impedes the potential for planning, social decision-making, and policies aimed at fostering a gender-equitable future. Futures research holds the potential to serve as a tool for decolonization. To achieve a future free of gender disparities, it’s imperative to address issues directly relevant to women but also crucial for humanity as the main challenges of futures research and ensure women’s participation.

The effect of work motivation on employee performance with compensation as an intervening variable at PT Hutama Karya (Persero) Trans Toll Road Construction Division Sumatera in Cawang, East Jakarta

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of work motivation on employee performance with compensation as an intervening variable at PT Hutama Karya (Persero) Trans Sumatra Toll Road Development Division in Cawang, East Jakarta. This research method uses associative and quantitative approaches with a population of 168 people who are permanent employees. The sampling technique is purposive sampling using the slovin formula so that the number of samples is 63 respondents. Data analysis techniques use SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) based on Smart_Partial Least Square (PLS). Based on direct testing (direct effect) the results of the study show that motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee compensation. Compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. And based on indirect testing, motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through compensation at PT Hutama Karya (Persero) Trans Sumatra Toll Road Development Division.

Identification And Potential Of Traditional Foods In Lekuk 50 Tumbi Lempur Tourism Village As A Culinary Tourism Attraction

The purposeof this study  was to describe the traditional food varities in Lekuk 50 Tumbi Tourism Village in terms of culinary tourism indicators, namely uniqueness, originality, authenticity and diversity. The research method in this thesis uses descriptive research methods with qualitative data. The goals and research statements guided the analysis and interpretation of the collected data. Using a non-probability sample technique called snowball sampling, informants were identified. Through observation, documentation, and interviewing, data was gathered.The results of the study show that traditional food in the village has strong characteristics and is able to create an unforgettable culinary experience for tourists. Overall, the traditional food at Lekuk 50 Tumbi Lempur Tourism Village has great potential as a main attraction in culinary tourism. The combination of uniqueness, authenticity, originality and diversity creates an immersive and unforgettable culinary experience for tourists. With the right development strategy, the village can maximize this potential, strengthen the local economy, and introduce its rich cultural heritage to the world. Through collaborative and sustainable efforts, Lekuk 50 Tumbi Lempur Tourism Village has the potential to become a culinary destination that not only spoils the tongue, but also touches the soul with authentic cultural diversity.Keyword:  

Factors inhibiting the use of surgical safety checklist in hospitals: Literature review

The surgical safety checklist is a medical communication tool in the operating room that is recommended by WHO to minimize surgical errors. This tool has been introduced since 2008. However, until now, surgical errors have still been found in many hospitals worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the inhibiting factors in using surgical safety checklists in hospitals. The research method used was a literature review using the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analytic (PRISMA) analysis method. Article searches were conducted through the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords “patient safety incident” OR “adverse event” AND “surgical safety checklist” AND “barriers” AND “hospital.” The total number of articles found was 1.201, but only 9 met the inclusion criteria. The study was conducted in 93 hospitals in 9 countries and found several factors inhibiting surgical safety checklist implementation. Most inhibiting factors come from individual surgical staff and hospital organizations. The inhibiting factors in using surgical safety checklists in hospitals can be classified into 4 factors: the surgical safety checklist itself, individual factors, team factors, and organizational factors.

Review Of Ethics And Waiter Responsiveness In Breakfast Service At Mentawai Restaurant Hotel Pangeran Beach Padang

This research was motivated by several complaints from guests regarding the ethics and responsiveness of waiters while on duty at the Mentawai Restaurant Hotel Pangeran Beach Padang. This research aims to analyze the ethics and responsiveness of waiters in breakfast service at the Mentawai Restaurant Hotel Pangeran Beach Padang. This research is useful as considerations and suggestions regarding waiter ethics and responsiveness.This research method is descriptive quantitative. The population in this study were all guests staying at the Pangeran Beach Hotel Padang. The sampling technique in this research was Non Probability Sampling with the accidental sampling method and obtained a sampel of 372 respondents. The data used is primary data and secondary data. Data were collected in this research by distributing questionnaires, and the trial sampel for this research was 30 people. Instrument testing uses validity and reliability tests. The data analysis techniques in this research are data tabulation and data description.The results of the research that has been carried out show that the waiters at the Mentawai Restaurant Hotel Pangeran Beach Padang have good ethics (89%) and responsiveness (89%), however there are still 2 to 3% of waiters who do not have good ethics and responsiveness. The Prince Hotel should remind employees to have good ethics and responsiveness when working and provide training regarding etiquette and responsiveness with external sources from the hotel or company.  

Концепцията на Такис Папас за популизма като демократичен илиберализъм

Abstract: The article discusses Takis Pappas’s concept of populism as democratic illiberalism. The method of desk research is used and a critical review and reading of the main scholarly texts by Takis Papas concerning the tension between populism and liberal democracy. The analysis has highlighted three main elements of this concept: first, the distinction between liberal and populist democracy; second, the role of charismatic leadership; third, the causal mechanisms that cause populism to emerge and stay in power (politicization of public discontent, creation of a new cleavage between “the people” and “the elite”, and deepening of political polarization). The analysis also includes examples from contemporary political realities in different countries. Conclusions are also drawn on Takis Pappas’s contribution in terms of research methodology in bringing out empirical charac¬teristics of populism, which are related to conceptual unfolding of its definition as well as its relevance in contemporary politics. Conclusions regarding the units of analysis, the conceptual scope of the concept and its specificities are presented. Keywords: Takis Pappas, populism, democratic illiberalism, populist democracy, causal mechanisms

Technological skills and readiness of the students on the utilization of digital application June 2023

This study is entitled Technological Skills and Readiness of the Students On the Utilization of Digital Application. The respondents of the study were composed of fifty-five (55) Grade 10 students in Liceo De Los Banos. The quantitative method of research was used to find out the technological skills and the level of readiness of the Grade 10 students in the utilization of Digital Applications. The main instrument used in this study was a questionnaire that was disseminated to the respondents through Google Forms. As the responses were converted into data, mean, and Pearson r correlation tests were used for statistical treatment. The analysis of the Pearson r coefficient, it was found that there is no significant relationship between the level of technological skills and the level of readiness of the students in utilization of digital application. The use of technical instruments, such as computers, tablets, and the internet, to enhance learning and teaching is referred to as technology integration in education. Students' preparedness for using digital applications is also greatly influenced by their access to technology, motivation, self-regulation abilities, learning style, social presence, teacher assistance, and the caliber of online course content.

Curriculum Approaches in English Language Teaching in Indonesia

This study used library research research methods to investigate curriculum approaches in English language teaching in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to identify curriculum approaches commonly used in English language teaching in Indonesia and to understand how these approaches shape teaching methods and strategies applied in language classrooms. In this study, the author conducted a comprehensive literature review of relevant literature, including textbooks, research journals, articles, and education policies related to English language teaching in Indonesia. The data collected were analyzed qualitatively to identify curriculum approaches commonly used in the context of English language teaching in Indonesia. The results of this study show that some curriculum approaches commonly used in English teaching in Indonesia include content-based approaches, communicative approaches, task-based approaches, and grammar-based approaches. The selection of this curriculum approach is based on the goals and objectives of the program, as well as the needs and interests of learners. In conclusion, in Indonesia, English teaching is influenced by various curriculum approaches, which shape the methods and strategies applied in language classes. The choice of curriculum approach in English language teaching depends on the goals and objectives of the program, as well as the needs and interests of learners. Different approaches can be used in combination to create a comprehensive and effective language learning experience so that language learners can easily master the language in a formal setting.

The effect of refrigerant filling pressure on split AC performance with variations in refrigerant R22, R134A, and R290

R-22 refrigerant has been recognized as a major cause of climate change and ozone layer depletion, leading to increased interest in finding more environmentally friendly alternatives. Two alternatives being considered are R-134a and R-290. The main objective of this research is to compare the Coefficient of Performance (CoP) performance of split ACs using three types of refrigerants, namely R-22, R-134a, and R-290, taking into account the environmental impact and operational efficiency. The research method involved retrofitting a 1 PK split AC which initially used R-22 with three different types of refrigerant as an experiment. The research process includes test equipment design, equipment installation, and feasibility testing before carrying out experimental testing. Tests were carried out with variations in refrigerant charging pressure of 70 psi, 75 psi, 80 psi, 85 psi, and 90 psi. The research results showed that the largest COP was found in the R-290 refrigerant, reaching a value of 0.86 at a filling pressure of 90 Psi. The largest COP value for R-22 was also found at a filling pressure of 90 psi, namely 0.66. Meanwhile, R-134a achieved the highest COP value at a filling pressure of 90 psi, with a value of 0.57 at a variation of refrigerant filling pressure of 90 Psi. In conclusion, this study provides better insight into the efficiency and environmental impact of the three types of refrigerants discussed. It also provides a useful information basis for the selection of suitable refrigerants in split air conditioning systems, with the aim of environmental conservation and achieving optimal performance

Impact of alternative development on reducing the security threat posed by cannabis cultivation: A case of Tain District, Ghana

Purpose: Cannabis cultivation has supported the local economy and culture of Nsawkaw, Badu, and other communities in the Tain District of the Bono Region for many years. The cultivation's security threat was also important, according to this study's respondents. However, any Alternative Development (AD) program to replace this old enterprise must entail community engagement, youth participation, entrepreneurial development, and finances to preserve the culture and tradition of the people. Methodology: Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to analyze data and use the inductive research approach. Cannabis cultivation farmers in Badu and Nsawkaw in Tain District, Opinion Leaders, Narcotics Control Commission employees, and Bono Region NGOs were the study's target demographic. Findings: It was also found that most AD regulations to prevent cannabis cultivation were heavily affected by party politics, leading many people to forsake them. AD must examine how Ghana might allow cannabis cultivation under stringent laws for its many benefits, including medicinal use and quick money. Value: AD should consider marketing, conserving, transporting, and pricing licit crops. The Tree Crops Authority (MOFA) should be proactive in its mandate. Their proactiveness can pique cannabis farmers' interest in tree crops, particularly cashews.

Factors that influence eating disorder tendencies in adolescents: A literature review

Eating disorders are any form of behavioral or habitual eating disorder that results in altered food consumption and absorption, and significantly impairs physical health and psychosocial functioning. Eating disorders are any disorder characterized primarily by pathological disturbances of food-related attitudes and behaviors, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder (Sinurat, 2018). This study aims to determine the factors that influence eating disorder tendencies in adolescents. The research method utilized is literature review, which involves searching for research articles from Research Gate and Google Scholar using keywords such as eating disorder, influencing factors, anorexia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and body image. From the research findings, it can be concluded that the occurrence of eating disorder tendencies in adolescents is caused by several dominant factors such as body image (3 articles), peer influences (3 articles), knowledge (2 articles), also family roles and BMI (2 articles).

Lexico-syntactic analysis of antonyms in some speeches of John Dramani Mahama

Language and politics are intertwined. This is because in order to champion political interest, politicians rely on some powerful linguistic resources to communicate with their audience. Available literature suggests that one of such linguistic resources is antonyms. However, researchers have not paid attention to the use of antonyms in political discourse, especially, in Ghana. On account of this, the present study investigated the lexico-syntactic features of antonyms in some speeches of John Dramani Mahama, a former President of the Republic of Ghana. The study is an interface between cognitive semantics and political discourse which sought to discover the lexico-syntactic features and the functional implications of the antonym pairs used in the speeches of John Dramani Mahama. The study was conducted within the framework of the Lexical Field Theory and the speeches were analysed, using the qualitative research method. Through the use of purposive sampling method, sixteen (16) political speeches of John Dramani Mahama were selected for the analysis. The study relied on Cruse’s (1986) outlined features of antonymy and Murphy’s (2003) theoretical view on context-derived antonymy to identify the antonym pairs in the speeches. The study discovered one hundred and seventy-three (173) antonym pairs in the sixteen (16) selected speeches. The outcome of the study further revealed the noun phrase pair as the largest grammatical category in the selected speeches. The study again showed that John Dramani Mahama usually uses noun antonymic pairs and the coordinated frame X and Y in his political speeches. The study concluded that John Dramani Mahama uses antonyms in his speeches to persuade his audience, establish association, inspire hope and confidence, call for patriotism and hardworking towards national development, and finally, to present his political vision to Ghanaians.